I'll second the suggestion that you get PTO Today's Treasurer Toolkit. It covers the chart of accounts/budget, financial controls and tons more specifically for the PTO treasurer. It also comes with a CD that has forms and other stuff you can modify.
I think that the Treasurer's toolkit is available for purchase on this site (Tim??) but you can get it and others for free if you become a Plus member. It looks like you actually need more that just info on the Treasurer duties though so search these boards for info on applying for your EIN, registering as a business with your state and applying for 501(c)3 designation.
Ask lots of questions, folks here are REALLY helpful.
Have you tried searching this site? I know there have been many discussions on Treasurer's duties, bookkeeping tips, accounts, filing taxes, applying for non-profit status and writing your bylaws. You just might have to take a little time to find what you need, but it's probably here!
Our PTO recently was told by the district that we needed to become a stand alone not for profit organization and all that comes with it. Are there any free resources out there that give examples of a PTO chart of accounts and recordkkeeping tips?